Department of
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC)

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure used to investigate lumps or masses found in the body. This technique involves extracting tissue samples using a thin, hollow needle to examine cells under a microscope. FNAC has become a cornerstone in modern medical diagnostics, offering quick, accurate results for detecting various conditions including infections, inflammatory diseases, and cancers. The procedure is widely preferred due to its safety profile, cost-effectiveness, and ability to provide rapid diagnosis without requiring surgical intervention.

FNAC is typically recommended when unusual lumps, swellings, or masses are detected in areas such as the thyroid gland, lymph nodes, breast tissue, salivary glands, or soft tissues. Common indicators include persistent neck swellings, breast lumps, enlarged lymph nodes, thyroid nodules, or any unexplained mass that requires cellular examination. The test helps distinguish between benign and malignant growths, identifies infections or inflammatory conditions, and guides appropriate treatment planning. Medical professionals often suggest FNAC as a first-line investigation tool before considering more invasive biopsy procedures.

The FNAC procedure is performed on an outpatient basis and typically takes only 10-15 minutes. After cleaning the area, a thin needle is inserted into the lump to withdraw cells, sometimes guided by ultrasound for precision. The extracted sample is then sent to a laboratory where cytologists examine the cells to determine their nature. Results are usually available within 2-5 days. Based on findings, treatment may range from simple observation for benign conditions to surgical removal, medication, or further specialized treatment for malignant cases. The procedure requires minimal recovery time, allowing patients to resume normal activities immediately.